RESUMO A formação de recursos humanos em saúde é uma preocupação recorrente. O Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) é a plataforma educacional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), que busca melhorar a acessibilidade à educação em saúde pública, com ênfase na formação de lideranças educacionais voltadas para o planejamento, a implementação e a avaliação de políticas e ações educacionais. O objetivo deste documento é apresentar os resultados de uma consulta com especialistas sobre o curso virtual “Liderazgo para la Gestión Educativa en Organizaciones de Salud” [Liderança para a Gestão Educacional em Organizações de Saúde], como parte de uma estratégia para fortalecer as capacidades de liderança para gestão educacional na Região das Américas proposta pelo CVPS/OPAS. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de pesquisa-ação utilizando o método Delphi com duas rodadas de consultas, uma virtual e outra presencial, a especialistas em gestão educacional em organizações de saúde. Os resultados mostram a relevância de oito dimensões de análise: perfil do público-alvo; competências; abordagem e conteúdo; atividades; avaliação de e para as aprendizagens; adaptabilidade; implementação; e acompanhamento durante e após o curso. A participação de atores de diferentes esferas geopolíticas no delineamento e na implementação de uma proposta educacional regional promove a transformação do contexto de aplicação e aumenta seu potencial de adoção. Destaca-se o posicionamento estratégico do curso como catalisador na criação e consolidação de uma rede integrada de organizações para fortalecer a liderança educacional na Região das Américas e a adequação da estratégia metodológica empregada para melhorar a qualidade da formação de recursos humanos em saúde.

ABSTRACT The training of human resources for health (HRH) is a recurring concern. The Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) – the educational platform of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) – seeks to improve access to public health education, emphasizing leadership training for teams that plan, implement, and evaluate policies and educational initiatives. The objective of this work is to present the results of a consultation with experts on the virtual course “Leadership for Educational Management in Health Organizations”, as part of a PAHO/VCPH strategy to strengthen leadership capacities for educational management in the Americas. A qualitative action-research study was carried out using the Delphi method with two iterations of consultations (one virtual and one in person) with experts in educational management in health organizations. The results show the importance of eight dimensions of analysis: recipient profiles, competencies, approach and contents, activities, evaluation of and for learning, adaptability, implementation, and monitoring during and after the course. The participation of actors from different geopolitical spheres in the design and implementation of a regional educational initiative fosters adaptations in the context of its implementation and improves the likelihood it will be adopted. This course can play a strategic role as a catalyst in the formation and consolidation of an integrated network of organizations that strengthen educational leadership in the Americas. This study also highlights the value of the methodological strategy used to improve the quality of HRH training.

RESUMEN La formación de recursos humanos en salud es una preocupación recurrente. El Campus Virtual de Salud Pública (CVSP) es la plataforma educativa de la Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS) que busca mejorar la accesibilidad a la educación en salud pública, con énfasis en la formación en liderazgo educativo orientado a planificar, implementar y evaluar políticas y acciones educativas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de una consulta a personas expertas sobre el curso virtual “Liderazgo para la Gestión Educativa en Organizaciones de Salud”, como parte de una estrategia de fortalecimiento de las capacidades de liderazgo para la gestión educativa en las Américas propuesta por el CVPS/OPS. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación-acción, con una metodología Delphi de dos iteraciones de consultas, una virtual y una presencial, a expertos en gestión educativa en organizaciones de salud. Los resultados muestran la relevancia que adquieren ocho dimensiones de análisis: el perfil de los destinatarios, las competencias, el enfoque y los contenidos, las actividades, la evaluación del y para el aprendizaje, la adaptabilidad, la implementación y el seguimiento durante y poscurso. La participación de actores de diferentes ámbitos geopolíticos en el diseño e implementación de una propuesta educativa regional promueve la transformación del contexto de aplicación y mejora su potencial adopción. Se destaca el lugar estratégico del curso como catalizador en la conformación y la consolidación de una red integrada de organizaciones para fortalecer el liderazgo educativo en las Américas, y la conveniencia de la estrategia metodológica empleada para mejorar la calidad de la formación de recursos humanos en salud.

ABSTRACT Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease with unknown etiology. It presents as single-system (affecting a single organ or tissue) or as multisystem (with or without risk organ involvement). The oral cavity may be involved or be the site of the first manifestation Aim To describe, group, and determine the frequency of oral lesions in pediatric patients with LCH, and to relate these lesions to age and the different disease subtypes Materials and Method Clinical and radiographic examinations were used to evaluate 95 patients diagnosed with LCH, aged 0 to 16 years, who were referred to the Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Dentistry at the School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires. Clinical histories were prepared and informed consents obtained. Lesions were diagnosed by observation, palpation and biopsies, and grouped according to affected tissues into bone, mucosal, and bone-mucosal Results 42.1% presented oral lesions, and in 14.73%, these lesions were the first manifestation of LCH. Ninety percent presented only bone lesions, while the remaining 10% presented bone-mucosal and mucosal lesions. In the single-system subtype, 52.5% presented bone lesions. In the multisystem subtypes (with or without risk organs), all three types of lesions were found. The association between age at which LCH was diagnosed and oral tissue involvement showed that bone-mucosal lesions occur in young children (average age 1.4 years) diagnosed with multisystem LCH. Oral mucosa was only affected in reactivations of the disease Conclusions A high frequency of oral lesions was observed, which were sometimes the first manifestation of the disease, most often affecting bone tissue. Dentists can play an active role in the initial diagnosis of the disease.

RESUMEN La Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (LCH) (Langerhans cell histiocytosis) es una enfermedad de etiología aún desconocida. Se presenta en forma unisistémica (afecta un solo órgano o tejido) o multisistémica (con o sin órganos de riesgo afectados). La cavidad bucal puede estar comprometida o ser el sitio de la primera manifestación Objetivo describir, agrupar y determinar la frecuencia de las lesiones bucales de pacientes pediátricos con LCH, relacionarlas con la edad y los diferentes subtipos de la enfermedad Materiales y Método se evaluaron mediante exámenes clínicos y radiográficos 95 pacientes entre 0 y 16 años con diagnóstico de LCH, derivados a la Cátedra de Odontología Integral Niños, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Se confeccionaron historias clínicas y se obtuvieron los consentimientos informados. Las lesiones fueron diagnosticadas a través de observación, palpación y biopsias, y se agruparon según los tejidos afectados en óseo, mucoso y óseo-mucoso Resultados el 42.1% presentó lesiones bucales y en el 14.73% estas fueron la primera manifestación de LCH. El 90% mostró solo lesiones óseas, mientras que en el 10 % restante se observaron lesiones óseo-mucosas y mucosas. En el subtipo unisistémico el 52.5% presentó lesiones óseas. En los subtipos multisistémicos, “con” o “sin” órganos de riesgo, se hallaron los tres tipos de lesiones. La relación entre la edad de diagnóstico de LCH y el compromiso de tejidos bucales evidenció que las lesiones óseo-mucosas ocurren en niños pequeños (edad promedio 1.4 años) con diagnóstico de LCH multisistémica. La mucosa bucal solo se vio afectada en las reactivaciones de la enfermedad Conclusiones Se observó una alta frecuencia de lesiones bucales, siendo en ocasiones la primera manifestación de la enfermedad, afectando con mayor frecuencia al tejido óseo. El odontólogo puede desempeñar un rol activo en el diagnóstico inicial de la enfermedad.

Abstract Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) carries a significant morbidity and mortality burden; however, there is scarce information in Latin American. Objective: To analyze the functional prognosis and mortality rates among participants in the Latin American Stroke Registry (LASE). Methods: Eighteen centers across Latin American compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes in hospital stay of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. All these variables were analyzed based on functional outcome at hospital discharge. Results: We included 495 patients with ICH, representing 10.3% of all collected stroke subtypes in LASE. The median in-hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range, 1-30); 285 (57.6%) were male (median age, 62 years) and 210 female (median age, 65 years). A poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3-6) was observed in 214 (43.2%) patients, with 62.5% of women (p < 0.009). Mortality was documented in 12.5% of ICH patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves presented difference in mortality, with higher frequency in patients > 80 years (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.07-3.35, p = 0.028), with GCS < 8 (HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.11-0.33, p = < 0.001), ventricular irruption (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.09-3.24, p = 0.0282), and hematoma volume > 30 cc (HR 2.36, 95%CI 1.17 - 4.77, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a poor functional prognosis in 43.2% of ICH patients, with the risk factors for higher mortality being age over 80 years, higher GCS values, and ventricular irruption in the LASE. Our collaborative study contributes substantial insight into the factors influencing ICH occurrence, prognosis, and outcomes in Latin America.

Resumen Introducción: La Hemorragia Intracraneal (ICH) conlleva una importante carga de morbilidad y mortalidad; sin embargo, existe escasa información en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Analizar el pronóstico funcional y las tasas de mortalidad entre los participantes del Registro Latinoamericano de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral (LASE). Métodos: Dieciocho centros de toda Latinoamérica recopilaron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, descripción clínica, pruebas auxiliares y resultados funcionales en la estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes incluidos entre enero de 2012 y enero de 2017. Todas estas variables se analizaron en función del resultado funcional al alta hospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 495 pacientes con ICH, que representan el 10.3% de todos los subtipos de enfermedad vascular cerebral en LASE. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 9 dias (rango intercuartil, 1-30); 285 (57.6%) fueron hombres (mediana de edad, 62 años) and 210 mujeres (mediana de edad, 65 años). Un mal resultado funcional (Escala modificada de Rankin, 3-6) fue observado en 214 (43.2%) pacientes, con un 62.5% de mujeres (p < 0.009). Se documento mortalidad en 12.5% de los pacientes con ICH. Las curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier presentaron diferencias en la mortalidad, con mayor frecuencia en pacientes > 80 años (HR 1.89, 95% IC 1.07-3.35, p = 0.028), con GCS < 8 (HR 0.19, 95% IC 0.11-0.33, p = < 0.001), irrupción ventricular (HR 1.88, 95% IC 1.09-3.24, p = 0.0282), y volumen del hematoma > 30 cc (HR 2.36, 95% IC 1.17-4.77, p = 0.016). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra un mal pronóstico funcional en 43.2% de los pacientes con ICH, siendo los factores de riesgo de mayor mortalidad la edad mayor de 80 años, los valores más bajos de GCS y la irrupción ventricular en el LASE. Nuestro estudio colaborativo aporta información sustancial sobre los factores que influyen en la aparición, el pronóstico y los resultados de la ICH en Latinoamérica.

Resumen Introducción: El berilio es un metal que por sus propiedades físico-químicas es utilizado en la industria para la fabricación de diferentes productos comerciales y de alta tecnología. La exposición laboral al berilio se relaciona con la aparición de neoplasia de pulmón, siendo esta enfermedad la primera causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial. Objetivos: Revisar la literatura científica existente en relación con la exposición laboral al berilio y/o sus compuestos y la neoplasia de pulmón. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica recogida en las bases de datos bibliográficas MEDLINE (vía PubMed), EMBASE, Web Of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Medicina en Español (MEDES). Los términos utilizados como descriptores fueron: “Occupational Exposure”, “Occupational Diseases”, “Beryllium” y “Lung Neoplasms”. La búsqueda se completó con otros términos en texto libre y no se emplearon filtros (límites). La determinación de la calidad de los artículos seleccionados se llevó a cabo empleando la guía STROBE. Resultados: Se recuperaron 180 referencias, de las que se seleccionaron a texto completo 11 artículos tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En estos estudios se describe la asociación entre exposición laboral al berilio y el desarrollo de neoplasia de pulmón. Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre la exposición laboral al berilio y/o sus compuestos y la neoplasia de pulmón. Considerando el bajo número de estudios publicados y sus limitaciones, sería necesario realizar nuevos estudios que se adapten a las condiciones de la industria actual del berilio, teniendo en cuenta la solubilidad de sus compuestos, así como la identificación de sectores industriales y colectivos de trabajadores expuestos al mismo que aún no hayan sido estudiados.

Abstract Introduction: Beryllium is an element that, due to its physical and chemical characteristics, is used in the manufacturing of different commercial products and the high-tech industry. Laboral exposure to beryllium is associated with higher incidence of lung cancer, being this disease the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Objectives: To review the existing scientific literature on the occurrence of occupational exposure to beryllium and/or its compounds and lung cancer. Method: Systematic review of the scientific literature collected in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web Of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences (IBECS), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medicine in Spanish (MEDES). The terms used as descriptors were: “Occupational Exposure”, “Occupational Diseases”, “Beryllium” and “Lung Neoplasms”. The search was completed with other terms in free text and no filters (limits) were used. The determination of the quality of the selected articles was carried out using the STROBE guide. Results: 180 references were retrieved, of which 11 articles could be obtained in full text after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies describe the association between occupational exposure to beryllium and the development of lung cancer. Conclusions: There is an association between exposure to beryllium and/or its compounds and the development of lung cancer. However, considering the low number of published studies and their limitations, further studies should be carried out, which may be adapted to the current circumstances of the beryllium industry, taking into account the solubility of the beryllium compounds and the identification of industries and populations of workers exposed to beryllium that have not yet been studied.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de familias de niños que asisten al nivel de educación parvularia respecto del aprendizaje mediado con tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), en tiempos de COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realiza mediante un cuestionario de opinión sobre prácticas familiares. La muestra corresponde a 261 familias de niños de 4 y 5 años que participan de clases virtuales en 38 establecimientos de la Provincia de Concepción (Chile). Los resultados muestran que las familias reconocen el logro de diversos aprendizajes mediados por las TIC, y la importancia de su rol educativo en contexto virtual. Sin embargo, declaran escaso conocimiento tecnológico y tiempo para apoyar a sus hijos en el hogar. Se concluye que las familias tienen una percepción favorable de los aprendizajes de sus hijos mediante la educación virtual, aunque, se evidencia que las familias presentan dificultades para conectarse a Internet, afectando su participación sistemática en el proceso educativo de sus niños.

Abstract: This study aims to assess the perception of families, having children attending nursery school, about learning mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs) in times of COVID-19. Data is gathered by using an opinion questionnaire on family habits. The sample corresponds to 261 families of children ages 4 to 5 years old who participate on virtual classes at 38 educational institutions in the Province of Concepción (Chile). The results show that families acknowledge learning achievements mediated by ICTs. They also recognize the importance of ICTs’ educational role in a virtual context. However, families state that they lack sufficient time and technological skills to support their children’s learning at home. It is concluded that the families surveyed have a favorable perception of their children's learning through virtual education, but there is evidence that they face challenges to connect to the Internet, which affects achieving a consistent contribution in their children’s educational processes.

Resumen El síndrome de intestino corto es una entidad de baja incidencia en los pacientes pediátricos, pero se asocia con elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad. El abordaje de estos pacientes por un equipo interdisciplinario de expertos enfocados en la rehabilitación intestinal mejora los resultados a corto y a largo plazo. Entre los recursos disponibles para el tratamiento se incluye el teduglutide, un análogo del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 2 (GLP-2) elaborado mediante técnicas recombinantes. Por medio de la aplicación del método Delphi, a partir de la evidencia disponible y de la experiencia de los autores, se proponen recomendaciones para el uso de teduglutide, dirigidas a los profesionales de la salud que tratan a los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de intestino corto, así como a las autoridades sanitarias.

Abstract Short bowel syndrome is a low-incidence disorder among pediatric patients, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Management of these patients by an interdisciplinary team of experts focused on intestinal rehabilitation improves short- and long-term outcomes. Available resources for treatment include teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide type 2 (GLP-2) analog made by recombinant techniques. Considering the available evi dence and the authors’ experience, Delphi-based recommendations for the use of teduglutide are suggested for healthcare professionals who treat pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome, as well as for health authorities.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a vegetable diet compared to a diet containing fishmeal at the commercial level (6%) on bodygrowth, proximal composition offillets and haematological parameters of juvenil gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with two treatments, an exclusively vegetable diet and a diet with low fishmeal content (6%), and three 200 m3 dug earthen ponds as experimental units per treatment. A total of 1200 fish (172.9 g;19.4 cm) distributed in the six ponds (1 fish/m3) were used. Feeding was done twice a day (08:00 and 16:00) at a daily feeding rate of 2% for 60 days. The water quality parameters were monitored daily and showed constant values and within the comfort range of the species. The exclusively vegetable diet had a similar effect as the fishmeal diet on body growth [final weight 258.9 g, weight gain 86.1 g, supplied feed 128.4 g, feed conversion 1.24, relative growth rate 1.74%/day, factor of condition 1.91, 0% mortality], the proximal composition of fillets [moisture 77.90%, ash 1.39%, protein 18.98%, lipid 0.86%], as well as in the hematological parameters. It is concluded that an exclusively vegetable diet can be used for the rearing of juvenile gamitana, contributing to the sustainability of its production and reduction of feeding costs.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de una dieta vegetal en comparación con una dieta conteniendo harina de pescado al nivel comercial (6%) sobre el crecimiento corporal, composición proximal del músculo y parámetros hematológicos de juveniles de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). El experimento siguió un diseño completamente al azar con dos tratamientos, una dieta exclusivamente vegetal y una dieta con bajo contenido de harina de pescado (6%), y tres estanques de tierra excavados de 200 m3 como unidades experimentales por tratamiento. Se trabajó con 1200 peces (172.9 g; 19.4 cm) distribuidos en los seis estanques (1 pez/m3). La alimentación se hizo dos veces al día (08:00 y 16:00) a una tasa de alimentación diaria de 2% durante 60 días. Los parámetros de calidad de agua fueron monitoreados diariamente y mostraron valores constantes y dentro del rango de confort de la especie. La dieta exclusivamente vegetal causó similar efecto que la dieta con harina de pescado sobre el crecimiento corporal [peso final 258.9 g, ganancia de peso 86.1 g, alimento ofrecido 128.4 g, conversión alimenticia 1.24, tasa de crecimiento relativo 1.74%/día, factor de condición 1.91, 0% de mortalidad], la composición proximal del músculo [humedad 77.90%, cenizas 1.39%, proteínas 18.98%, lípidos 0.86%], así como en los parámetros hematológicos. Se concluye que una dieta exclusivamente vegetal puede ser utilizada para la crianza de juveniles de gamitana contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad de su producción y reducción de costos por alimentación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Latent tuberculosis infection is a state of delayed cellular hypersensitivity immune response of the organism to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without clinical and radiological evidence of tuberculosis. It can be diagnosed by tuberculin test or tuberculin purified protein derivative. Objectives: To determine the frequency of latent tuberculosis infection in medical students and the variables associated with a positive reaction in the tuberculin test. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the tuberculin test was made by the Mantoux method using 0.1 ml of purified protein derivative of Tubersol tuberculin in students of the medicine career of a university. Results: Two hundred ninety students participated. The frequency of latent tuberculosis infection was 19.3%. When relating the demographic variables to the positive reaction in the tuberculin test, men were 1,895 times more likely to test positive for the tuberculin test than women. Conclusions: The frequency of latent tuberculosis infection in medical students was 19.3% and the variable that presented a statistical association with the positive tuberculin test was male sex.

RESUMEN Introducción: la infección tuberculosa latente es un estado de respuesta inmune tipo hipersensibilidad celular retardada del organismo a la estimulación por antígenos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis sin evidencia clínica y radiológica de tuberculosis. Puede ser diagnosticada mediante la prueba de tuberculina o derivado proteico purificado de tuberculina. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de infección tuberculosa latente en estudiantes de Medicina y las variables asociadas a una reacción positiva en la prueba de tuberculina. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se procedió a realizar la prueba de tuberculina por el método de Mantoux utilizando 0,1 ml de derivado proteico purificado de tuberculina Tubersol, en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de una universidad. Resultados: participaron 290 estudiantes. La frecuencia de infección tuberculosa latente fue 19,3%. Al relacionar las variables demográficas con la reacción positiva en la prueba de tuberculina, los hombres presentaron 1,895 veces mayor probabilidad de dar positivo a la prueba de tuberculina que las mujeres. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de infección tuberculosa latente en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina fue 19,3% y la variable que presentó asociación estadística a la prueba de tuberculina positiva fue el sexo masculino.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the study habits in the academic performance of residents of the specialties of Orthopaedics and Trauma (OT) and Family Medicine (MF). Methods: An observational study was carried out with OT and MF medical residents. An online survey was applied to them, with response options on the Likert scale, to evaluate study habits. For the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as correlations, P < 0.05. Results: A sample of 112 participants. 51% of participants were male. Mean age of 30.1±3. 75% of participants were single. 84.8% study one hour. 84.8% of respondents answered that they were pursuing the specialty they wanted. 80.4% always or constantly understand what they read. 45.5% of participants draw diagrams or charts. Writing summaries (82.1%) is the most used technique for memorisation. 93.7% always or constantly attend classes on a regular basis. 94.6% of participants strongly agree or agree that study habits can influence academic performance. 58% presented regular habits, 22% good habits and 18% bad habits. It was found that there is a correlation between age and average academic performance (P = 0.016). Conclusions: Age and marital status had a direct association with academic performance. Most of the residents are satisfied with the specialty they are studying. Memorisation and writing summaries are the most used study habits. In general, residents have regular study habits.

Abstract Background Despite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project. Students from twelve schools across Chile were instructed to capture earwig specimens in their geographical area, to identify them and to provide material for genome sequencing to be carried out by themselves in their schools. Results The school students collected specimens from two cosmopolitan earwig species: Euborellia annulipes (Fam. Anisolabididae) and Forficula auricularia (Fam. Forficulidae). Genomic DNA was extracted and, with the help of scientific teams that traveled to the schools, was sequenced using nanopore sequencers. The sequence data obtained for both species was assembled and annotated. We obtained genome sizes of 1.18 Gb (F. auricularia) and 0.94 Gb (E. annulipes) with the number of predicted protein coding genes being 31,800 and 40,000, respectively. Our analysis showed that we were able to capture a high percentage (≥ 93%) of conserved proteins indicating genomes that are useful for comparative and functional analysis. We were also able to characterize structural elements such as repetitive sequences and non-coding RNA genes. Finally, functional categories of genes that are overrepresented in each species suggest important differences in the process underlying the formation of germ cells, and modes of reproduction between them, features that are one of the distinguishing biological properties that characterize these two distant families of Dermaptera. Conclusions This work represents an unprecedented instance where the scientific and lay community have come together to collaborate in a genome sequencing project. The versatility and accessibility of nanopore sequencers was key to the success of the initiative. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of two important and widely distributed species of insects which had not been analyzed at this level previously. The data made available by the project should illuminate future studies on the Dermaptera.

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Summary: The new Coronavirus SARS CoV-2 pandemic was declared at the beginning of March 2020 when the Uruguayan government appointed the National Contingency Plan for the COVID-19 disease caused by this virus. This plan included non-pharmacological preventive measures such as: hand hygiene, physical distancing, use of different types of masks according to the risk of who should wear them, in some periods, restrictions to mobility, educational activities or public shows, and movement by land, air or sea. Responsible freedom was strongly called for. In December 2020, the Vaccination Strategy was included as a primary prevention mechanism. On 3/1/2021, the COVID-19 2021 Vaccination Campaign began, it was non-mandatory, population-based, initially for people over 19 years of age, and for adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age and pregnant women since June. The National Honorary Scientific Advisory Group (GACH) together with the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (CNAV) of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) that has vast experience in advising health authorities in scientific decisions on the introduction of vaccines, and an ad-Hoc Commission created for COVID-19 vaccines, brought together experts to advise on the vaccination strategy. The Honorary Commission for the Fight Against Tuberculosis and Prevalent Diseases (CHLA-EP), as the operational branch of the MSP’s Department of Immunizations, has participated with all stakeholders since December to implement the COVID-19 Population Vaccination Campaign without neglecting their tasks regarding the vaccination to prevent other infectious diseases. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out regarding the strategies implemented by the Immunization Operational Department (operational branch of the Ministry of Health’s Immunization Department), A. Calmette Laboratory, Honorary Commission, General Coordination and Administrative Departments between November, 2020 and July 2021. Data source: reports were issued or provided specially for this work by the Immunization Operational Department, A. Calmette Laboratory, by the Ministry of Public Health’s immunization Department, Human Resources, Material Resources, Support, Communication and Design Service, Peripheral Centers, Executive Board and General secretariat. Results: the results of the 4 periods are as follows: 1- Planning (Period November - December 2020), 2- Training, hiring of human resources and advice for the acquisition of qualitative and quantitative material resources (January - February 2021), 3- Opening of COVID-19 vaccination centers (Hubs), posts and launch of the COVID-19 Campaign (March 2021), 4- Overlap of the 2021 flu campaign (April-June) and maintenance of vaccine coverage (National Immunization Programme - PNI). 1- Planning: The characteristics of the different vaccines (dead virus vaccines, vector vaccines and in particular mRNA vaccines, with storage requirements of -70ºC, transfer and distribution requirements of -25ºC, and reconstitution and use of +2 + 8ºC) were taken into account in the different scenarios. Risk and costs analysis were performed. We interchanged data with different companies that provided this service, we participated in training activities with some of them, mainly in the design of a solid cold chain without failures (e.g. a Vac-Q-tec training activity). The transfer of vaccines to hubs, tertiary vaccination centers or peripheral vaccination centers was designed. The different destination site of the vaccines, the different possible scenarios were taken into account, both at local central level (Montevideo - Carrasco International Airport), but also at National level using the different air terminals. Similarly, strategies for the distribution of vaccines by land were planned involving different public or private actors based on the institutions’ experience, both regarding the vaccination campaign and in the PNI maintenance. We made a supply acquisition plan for the vaccine’s storage and distribution, for the vaccination itself, and for the purchase of supplies jointly with the Procurement Department of the Ministry of Economy and Executive Secretariat of the MSP. Six-people vaccination teams were created with clear roles and with the slogan of rapid, universal, free and safe vaccination for all. 2- Training: Courses and materials were organized for the staff to acquire updated knowledge about SARS CoV 2 and COVID-19, transmission mechanisms, use and planning of use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and of course, a detailed monitoring of the vaccines being developed. We carried out a thorough analysis of the vaccine companies to arrive in Uruguay, we focused on 3 of them (Pfizer BioNtech, CoronaVac, Oxford AZ). Training was carried out by roles (vaccinators, preppers, administrators, position referents, backups). Special emphasis was placed on the training of the care of the person to be vaccinated, registration of the vaccination act, end-to-end cold chain, disposal of used materials and filing out inspection forms. All the contents and materials were available on the Institution’s webpage. Human resources: human resources were allocated for the creation, signature and registration of the paperwork for 1,463 new contracts for teams across the country. These resources were allocated not only to vaccination itself, but also to actively participate in each of the vaccination posts. This meant that the work was multiplied by 6 for the tasks required during this period. The Department of Material Resources, went from packaging and distributing from 7 to 15 packages a month to 80 packages a month for each Peripheral/Vaccination Center. Material shipment quadrupled at the beginning of the campaign and it eventually grew by five and sixfold. Some of the key figures to highlight are: 3, 300,000 needle syringes, 8,800 liters of Eucalyptus Alcohol, 852,000 latex and nitrile gloves and 141,000 isolation gowns. 3. COVID-19 Vaccination Hubs, Posts and Campaigns. We gradually opened maximum response mass vaccination Hubs in Montevideo (8), Canelones (1) and Maldonado (1). Since it was had been decided to vaccinate 3 to 5 people every 15 minutes, the primary results at the Hospital de Clínicas Hub were 211,153 doses administered in 32 vaccination posts, and at Antel Arena Hub 615,637 doses were administered in its 15 vaccination posts. As of July 31, there were 144 COVID 19 vaccination posts throughout the national territory. The distribution was made nationwide: 3,229,320 Sinovac vaccine doses, 97,790 Oxford-Astra Zeneca vaccine doses, and 1,585,452 Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine doses. We devised 60 teams including a referent (identification, registration, control), a trainer, 2 vaccinators and vaccination driver for Homes for the Elderly at ELEPEM and people needing special care. They actively participated in the vaccination at ELEPEM, Shelters and Schools for Children with Special Needs and visited a total of 1679 Institutions and overall, 35,006 people were vaccinated. 4- Overlap of the 2021 flu campaign (April-June) and the maintenance of the COVID vaccine coverage (National Immunization Programme - PNI). Since 04/24/2021, the Anti-Flu Campaign began, and it overlapped the COVID-19 campaign described above, which meant reinforcing strategies and expanding actions to be able to carry out both campaigns simultaneously, always with the objective of maintaining the National Immunization Program. Vaccination was carried out at the ELEPEM, as it is performed annually by the commission and vaccination of COVID-19, influenza and PNI was performed on the territory. According to the data received on July 17 in the Ministry of Public Health Immunization Unit Report (week 12), there were 605,802 registered doses, of which at least 87,802 had been administered by the Institution. This difference regarding previous campaigns could have been caused by the intense work carried out during the COVID19 Vaccination Campaign. Within the framework of the inter-institutional activity “Barrio a Barrio” (Vaccination in all Neighborhoods), 7,225 people were vaccinated with the influenza vaccine at the CHLA-EP mobile vaccination bus in Montevideo. The CHLA-EP has contributed with logistics and vaccination with a 2-dose schedule for the 3 platforms and a booster dose for those who received virus vaccines. The CHLA-EP has contributed to achieving the target of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign between 1/3 and 8/29/21: 5,487,181 doses were applied, 2,065,269 people received 1 dose of vaccine and 2,496,290 of them received 2 doses and 333,662 have received booster doses. Conclusion: the planning, training, provision of human and material resources has enabled us to successfully carry out two historical simultaneous vaccination campaigns in hubs, vaccination centers, ELEPEM and all along the territory.

Resumo: A pandemia causada pela infecção pelo novo Coronavírus SARS CoV-2 determinou que no Uruguai no início de março de 2020 o governo elaborasse o Plano Nacional de Contingência para a doença COVID-19 causada por este vírus. Este plano incluía medidas preventivas não farmacológicas como: higiene das mãos, distanciamento físico, uso de diferentes tipos de máscaras dependendo do risco de quem as deve usar, em alguns períodos várias restrições à circulação de pessoas, atividades educativas ou espetáculos públicos e a trânsito por terra, ar ou mar). Foi feito um forte apelo à liberdade responsável. A partir de dezembro de 2020, decidiu-se incorporar uma Estratégia de Vacinação à prevenção primária. Em 01/03/2021 teve início a Campanha de Vacinação COVID-19 2021, não obrigatória, de base populacional, inicialmente para maiores de 18 anos e a partir de junho contempla adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos e gestantes. O Grupo Honorário de Assessoramento Científico do Governo Nacional juntamente com a Comissão Nacional de Assessoramento de Vacinas (CNAV) do Ministério da Saúde Pública (MSP), que assessora autoridades de saúde em decisões científicas sobre a introdução de vacinas, e uma Comissão ad hoc criada para vacinas contra a COVID-19 reuniu especialistas do país para aconselhar sobre a estratégia de vacinação. A Comissão Honorária de Luta contra a Tuberculose e Doenças Prevalentes (CHLA-EP) como braço operacional do Departamento de Vacinação do MSP envolveu-se desde dezembro com todos os intervenientes na implementação da Campanha de Vacinação da População COVID-19, aliás de realizar as tarefas de vacinação para prevenir outras doenças infecciosas. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo das estratégias implementadas pelo Departamento Operacional de Imunizações (braço operacional do Departamento de Imunizações do MSP), Laboratório A. Calmette, Comissão Honorária, Coordenação Geral e departamentos administrativos: entre os meses de novembro de 2020 a julho de 2021. Fonte de dados: relatórios divulgados ou oferecidos especialmente para este trabalho pelo Departamento Operacional de Imunizações, Laboratório A. Calmette, Departamento de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde Pública, Recursos Humanos, Recursos Materiais, Serviço de Apoio, Comunicação e Design, Centros Periféricos, Direção Executiva e Secretaria Geral. Resultados: são apresentados os resultados de 4 períodos: 1- Planejamento (novembro - dezembro de 2020), 2- Capacitação, contratação de recursos humanos e assessoria para aquisição de recursos materiais em qualidade e quantidade (janeiro - fevereiro de 2021), 3- Abertura de centros (Hubs), postos de vacinação COVID-19 e implementação da Campanha COVID-19 (março 2021), 4- Sobreposição da campanha da gripe 2021 (abril-junho 2021) e manutenção da cobertura vacinal (PNI) 1- Planejamento: As características das vacinas a receber eram vacinas de vírus mortos, vacinas vetoriais e em particular mRNA com requisitos de armazenamento de temperaturas de -70ºC, transferência e distribuição de -25ºC, e reconstituição e uso de +2 +8ºC nos diferentes cenários. Análise de risco e análise de custo foram realizadas. Realizaram-se intercâmbios com diferentes empresas que prestam este serviço, participando em ações de formação com algumas delas, essenciais na criação de uma cadeia de frio sólida e sem falhas (ex. ação de formação com Vac-Q-tec). Foi projetada a transferência de vacinas para os hubs, centros de vacinação terciários ou periféricos. Tendo em conta o local de chegada das vacinas, foram considerados os diferentes cenários possíveis, não só a nível central (Montevidéu - Aeroporto Internacional de Carrasco), mas também a nível nacional utilizando os diferentes terminais aéreas. Da mesma forma, foram planejadas estratégias de distribuição de vacinas por via terrestre envolvendo diferentes atores (públicos ou privados), com base na experiência da instituição, tanto na campanha de vacinação quanto na manutenção do PNI. A previsão de compra de insumos foi feita tanto para o armazenamento e distribuição da vacina, quanto para a própria vacinação, como também na tomada de decisão na compra de insumos, atuando em conjunto com o Departamento de Compras do Ministério da Economia e Gestão Secretário do MSP. Eles participaram da formação de equipes de 6 pessoas com funções especificas de vacinação com o slogan de vacinação rápida, universal, gratuita e segura. 2- Capacitação, contratação de recursos humanos e assessoria para aquisição de recursos materiais em qualidade e quantidade. Foram organizados cursos e materiais para que os funcionários adquirissem conhecimento atualizado sobre SARS CoV2 e COVID-19, mecanismos de transmissão, uso e planejamento de uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e também para o acompanhamento minucioso das vacinas em desenvolvimento. Fizemos a análise minuciosa das possíveis vacinas candidatas para chegar ao Uruguai, e focamos em 3 delas (Pfizer BioNtech, CoronaVac, Oxford AZ). O treinamento foi realizado por funções (vacinadores, treinadores, administradores, posição de referência, backup). Foi dado especial destaque à formação no cuidado da pessoa a vacinar, registo do ato vacinal, rede de frio em todos os seus pontos, eliminação de materiais utilizados e preenchimento de fichas de controlo. Todos os conteúdos e materiais foram disponibilizados na página web da Instituição. Recursos humanos: funcionários foram alocados para a preparação, assinatura e registro de 1.463 novos contratos para complementar as equipes em todo o país, estes recursos humanos estiveram dedicados não apenas à vacinação em si, mas a participar ativamente de cada um dos postos de vacinação. Isso significou que o trabalho se multiplicou por 6 para as tarefas exigidas durante esse período. O Departamento de Recursos Materiais, passou de embalar e distribuir de 7 para 15 embalagens por mês, passando para 80 embalagens para cada Periférico/Centro de Vacinação. A remessa habitual de materiais se quadruplicou e no início da campanha aumentou cinco e seis vezes. Alguns dos números a destacar são: 3.300.000 seringas com agulha, 8.800 litros de álcool de eucalipto, 852.000 luvas de látex e nitrílica e 141.000 túnicas. 3. Abertura de centros e postos de vacinação COVID-19 e lançamento da Campanha COVID-19. Isso gerou progressivamente o estabelecimento de centros de resposta máxima (Hubs) (vacinação em massa) 8 em Montevidéu, um em Canelones e um em Maldonado. Já que decidiu-se vacinar de 3 a 5 pessoas a cada 15 minutos, no Hub. O Hospital de Clínicas administrou 211.153 doses em seus 32 postos de vacinação e na Arena Hub Antel foram administradas 615.637 doses em seus 15 postos de vacinação. Até 31 de julho, havia 144 postos de vacinação contra a COVID 19 habilitados em todo o território nacional. A distribuição foi realizada, 3.229 foram distribuídos em todo o país, 320 doses de vacina Sinovac, 97.790 doses de vacinas AstraZeneca e 1.585452 de vacina Pfizer. Participaram no treinamento de 60 equipes de referência (identificação, registo, controle), treinador, 2 vacinadores e motorista para vacinação em estabelecimentos de longa permanência para idosos (ELEPEM) e pessoas com situações especiais em albergues e escolas especiais, visitando um total de 1.679 Instituições e vacinando a 35.006 pessoas. 4- Sobreposição da campanha de gripe de 2021 (abril a junho de 2021) e manutenção da cobertura vacinal (PNI). A partir de 24/04/2021 teve início a Campanha da Gripe 2021, sobrepondo-se à campanha COVID-19 descrita, o que implicou o reforço de estratégias e ampliação das ações para poder cumprir ambas campanhas em paralelo, sempre com o objetivo de não descurar o Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Foi realizada a vacinação no ELEPEM, conforme anualmente realizada pela comissão e a vacinação no território das vacinas COVID-19, influenza e PNI. De acordo com os dados recebidos até 17 de julho no relatório da Unidade de Imunizações dos Ministérios da Saúde Pública (semana 12), foram registradas 605.802 doses, das quais pelo menos 87.802 doses foram administradas pela Instituição. Essa diferença em relação às campanhas anteriores pode ser atribuída ao intenso trabalho realizado na estratégia de Vacinação COVID19. No âmbito da atividade interinstitucional Bairro a Bairro, 7.225 pessoas foram vacinadas com a vacina contra gripe no celular do CHLAEP de Montevidéu. O CHLA-EP tem contribuído desde a logística e vacinação com um esquema de 2 doses para as 3 plataformas e uma dose de reforço para quem recebeu vacinas de vírus mortos. O CHLA-EP contribuiu para atingir os números da Campanha de Vacinação COVID-19 entre 1/3 e 29/8/21: 5.487.181 doses aplicadas, 2.065.269 pessoas que receberam 1 dose de vacina e delas 2.496.290 têm 2 doses e 333.662 receberam doses de reforço. Conclusões: O planejamento, capacitação, disponibilização de recursos humanos e materiais permitiram a realização de duas campanhas de vacinação coexistentes nos hubs, vacinatórios, ELEPEM e no território, o que pode ser considerado um processo bem sucedido e histórico.

Resumo: Introdução: A interpretação dos vários anticorpos ligados a doenças autoimunes sistêmicas é um desafio clínico. Dentre os anticorpos específicos, os anti Ro são os mais frequentes. Eles estão associados a um fenótipo clínico, relacionado tanto a várias manifestações clínicas quanto a EAS estabelecido. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal, realizado no Hospital Maciel, Montevidéu, Uruguai. Resultados: foram incluídos 70 pacientes, a maioria do sexo feminino. 60 pacientes (85%) apresentaram Ro52, 40 (57%) Ro60 e 31 (44%) ambos os anticorpos. Do total de pacientes que apresentaram Ro positivo em 59 (93%) manifestações clínicas foram evidenciadas. Os mais frequentes foram: fotossensibilidade 26 (42%); Raynaud 18 (30%); Xerostomia 26 (42%), Xeroftalmia 25 (41%), doença pulmonar intersticial 10 (15%), nefropatia 20 (32%) e manifestações hematológicas 16 (23%). Em 59 casos (86%) foi diagnosticada doença autoimune. As mais frequentes foram: síndrome de Sjögren 26 (41%), lúpus eritematoso sistêmico 26 (41%), artrite reumatoide 14 (22%), esclerose sistêmica 10 (16%), hepatopatias autoimunes 10 (14%). Outros autoanticorpos positivos foram encontrados em 68 (97%) dos casos. O ANA foi positivo em 67 pacientes (95%). A proporção de pacientes com Ro60 positiva foi significativamente maior em pacientes com fotossensibilidade (p: 0,006), lúpus cutâneo agudo (p: 0,003), manifestações articulares (p: 0,031) e nefropatia (p: 0,016). A positividade de ambos Ro52/60 foi significativamente maior em pacientes com manifestações musculares (p 0,028) e nefropatia (p 0,047). Em relação ao tipo de doença autoimune, houve proporção significativa de pacientes com Ro60 e LES (p 0,004), assim como anticorpos e SE (p 0,04). Houve maior proporção de pacientes com Ro60 e anti SCL 70 (p 0,008) do que aqueles que não apresentaram, o mesmo ocorre com Ro60 e RF (p 0,018); e Ro 52/60 com anti La (p 0,049) e anti SCL 70 (p 0,027). Conclusões: Anticorpos específicos Ro52/60 são frequentes, predominando Ro52. A maioria dos pacientes que apresentam positividade tem uma doença autoimune de base, também observada em pacientes com patologia oncológica. Conhecer suas associações é de extrema importância, pois têm papel diagnóstico e prognóstico, além de ajudar a predizer o fenótipo clínico.

Abstract: Introduction: The interpretation of the various antibodies linked to systemic autoimmune diseases is a clinical challenge. Among the specific antibodies, anti Ro are the most frequent. They are associated with a clinical phenotype, related to both diverse clinical manifestations and established SAD. Methodology: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study carried out at the Maciel Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: 70 patients were enrolled, most of them female. 60 patients (85%) presented Ro52, 40 (57%) Ro60 and 31 (44%) both antibodies. Of the total number of patients who had positive Ro in 59 (93%) clinical manifestations were evidenced. The most frequent were: photosensitivity 26 (42%); Raynaud 18 (30%); Xerostomia 26 (42%), Xerophthalmia 25 (41%), interstitial lung disease 10 (15%), nephropathy 20 (32%), and hematological manifestations 16 (23%). In 59 cases (86%) an autoimmune disease was diagnosed. The most frequent were: Sjögrens syndrome 26 (41%), systemic lupus erythematosus 26 (41%), rheumatoid arthritis 14 (22%), systemic sclerosis 10 (16%), autoimmune liver diseases 10 (14%). Other positive autoantibodies were found in 68 (97%) of the cases. ANA was positive in 67 patients (95%). The proportion of patients with positive Ro60 was significantly higher in patients with photosensitivity (p: 0.006), acute cutaneous lupus (p: 0.003), joint manifestations (p: 0.031), and nephropathy (p: 0.016). The positivity of both Ro52/60 was significantly higher in patients with muscular manifestations (p 0.028) and nephropathy (p 0.047). Regarding the type of autoimmune disease, there was a significant proportion of patients with Ro60 and SLE (p 0.004), as well as both antibodies and SE (p 0.04). There was a higher proportion of patients with Ro60 and anti SCL 70 (p 0.008) than those who did not, the same happens with Ro60 and RF (p 0.018); and Ro 52/60 with anti La (p 0.049) and anti SCL 70 (p 0.027). Conclusions: Ro52/60 specific antibodies are frequent, predominating Ro52. Most of the patients who present positivity have an underlying autoimmune disease, which is also observed in patients with oncological pathology. Knowing their associations is of the utmost importance given that they present a diagnostic and prognostic role, and help to predict the clinical phenotype.

Resumen: Introducción: La interpretación de los diversos anticuerpos vinculados a las Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas (EAS) es un reto clínico. Entre los anticuerpos específicos, los anti Ro son los de mayor frecuencia. Se asocian a un fenotipo clínico, relacionados tanto a manifestaciones clínicas diversas como a EAS establecidas. Metodología : Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, realizado en Hospital Maciel (Montevideo, Uruguay). Resultados: Se enrolaron 70 pacientes, la mayoría de sexo femenino. 60 pacientes (85%) presentaron Ro52, 40 (57%) Ro60 y 31 (44%) ambos anticuerpos. Del total de los pacientes que tuvieron Ro positivo en 59 (93%) se evidenciaron manifestaciones clínicas. Las más frecuentes fueron: fotosensibilidad 26 (42%); Raynaud 18 (30%); xerostomía 26 (42%), xeroftalmia 25 (41%), enfermedad pulmonar intersticial 10 (15%), nefropatía 20 (32%), y manifestaciones hematológicas 16 (23%). En 59 casos (86%) se diagnosticó una enfermedad autoinmune. Las más frecuentes fueron Síndrome de Sjögren 26 (41%), Lupus eritematoso sistémico 26 (41%), Artritis reumatoidea 14 (22%), Esclerosis sistémica 10 (16%), Hepatopatías autoinmunes 10 (14%). Se evidenciaron otros autoanticuerpos positivos en el 68 (97%) de los casos. El ANA fue positivo en 67 pacientes (95%). La proporción de pacientes con Ro60 positivo fue significativamente mayor en pacientes que presentaron fotosensibilidad (p 0.006), Lupus cutáneo agudo (p 0.003), manifestaciones articulares (p 0.031) y nefropatía (p 0.016). La positividad de ambos Ro52/60 fue significativamente mayor en pacientes con manifestaciones musculares (p 0.028) y nefropatía (p 0.047). En cuanto al tipo de enfermedad autoinmune se evidenció una proporción significativa de pacientes con Ro60 y LES (p 0.004), así como de ambos anticuerpos y ES (p 0.04). Hubo mayor proporción de pacientes con Ro60 y anti SCL 70 (p 0.008) que aquellos que no lo presentaban, así mismo sucede con Ro60 y el FR (p 0.018); y Ro 52/60 con anti La (p 0.049) y anti SCL 70 (p 0.027). Conclusiones: Los anticuerpos específicos Ro52/60 son frecuentes, predominando el Ro52. La mayoría de los pacientes que presentan positividad tienen una enfermedad autoinmune de base, observándose también en pacientes con patología oncológica. Conocer sus asociaciones es de suma importancia dado que presentan un rol diagnóstico, pronostico, y ayudan a predecir el fenotipo clínico.

Resumen: Las investigaciones arqueológicas en el centro de la provincia de Corrientes han sido escasas y discontinuas. Con el objetivo de revertir este panorama se iniciaron trabajos de campo en el sector sur y sur-sureste del macrosistema Iberá (Reserva Provincial Iberá y Parque Nacional Iberá). En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las actividades de prospección y excavación desarrolladas. Como resultado de las mismas, se identificaron 11 áreas en las que los materiales arqueológicos se presentan en densidades variables y asociados a una matriz sedimentaria con alta proporción de conchillas. En líneas generales, estas se caracterizan por la presencia de material cerámico, lítico, restos óseos humanos y faunísticos, ornamentos, entre otros. A esta información, se integran y discuten los antecedentes para el sector, confirmando el alto potencial arqueológico del área. La evaluación de la red de permeabilidad del sector permitió identificar tres formas posibles de desplazamiento práctico entre la totalidad de los sitios hasta ahora identificados (n= 33).

Abstract Archaeological research in the center of Corrientes province has been scarce. This paper presents the results of the archeological survey carried out in the south and southeast of the Iberá wetlands (Iberá Reserve and Iberá National Park). Eleven archaeological sites were recorded, with different density values of pottery, lithics, animal bones, human remains, and ornaments. The stratigraphic matrices of most of them are composed in general by shells. There are differences regarding soil organic carbon and soil phosphorus among the sites; pH and electrical conductivity remain neutral. The new information and older survey data confirm the high archaeological potential of this area. Three possible main path of movement were identified among the recorded sites (n=33).

Resumen La situación laboral actual, mediada por distintas y recientes crisis sociales, laborales y, en los últimos tiempos sanitaria, obliga a las personas a estar en constante adaptación y reinvención profesional necesitando de aprendizajes que le permitan una mejor autogestión y autorregulación de sus posibilidades laborales. Las trayectorias personales y laborales son cada vez más inestables, discontinuas, intermitentes, y las personas acceden en mayor medida a empleos precarios, inseguros y con mínimas condiciones de calidad. Un caso claro es el del colectivo de profesionales de la orientación, un perfil cualificado y/o en formación constante que cumple una función social esencial, especialmente en tiempos complejos como los que vivimos. Concretamente, en este trabajo nos interesa validar la funcionalidad del modelo CCP en la formación y experiencia profesional de orientadores/as, identificando los elementos cualitativos más significativos que perciben. Se selecciona un diseño cualitativo integrado en un estudio Delphi, mediante la aplicación de un protocolo de entrevista con preguntas abiertas de carácter narrativo. Los datos son analizados por procedimientos tradicionales de análisis cualitativo de contenido, con apoyo del software informático NVivo en su versión 12. Los hallazgos encontrados revelan que el modelo CCP permite el desarrollo de competencias de gestión de la carrera en el proceso de configuración de proyectos profesionales, especialmente en lo que se refiere a competencias exploratorias sobre autoconocimiento, toma de decisiones y gestión del proyecto. Se concluye la funcionalidad del modelo, destacando sus posibilidades de autoaplicación mediante sistemas virtuales mixtos con acompañamiento profesional y apoyo de recursos. Asimismo, se concluye que la metodología cualitativa-narrativa permite obtener significados y comprensión acerca del alcance del modelo en la formación inicial y continua de profesionales de la orientación. Se discuten los datos y se analizan las implicaciones del estudio para la intervención orientadora y desde la metodología cualitativa.

Abstract The current labor situation, mediated by different and recent social, labor and, in new times, health crises, forces people to be in constant adaptation and professional reinvention, needing learning that allows better self-management and self-regulation of their labor possibilities. Personal and work trajectories are increasingly unstable, discontinuous, intermittent, and people access to a greater extent precarious, insecure jobs with minimal quality conditions and, not infrequently, maladapted to the level of professional qualification that they have. A clear case is that of the group of guidance professionals, a qualified profile and/or in constant training that fulfills an essential social function, especially in complex times like the ones we live in. Specifically, in this work we are interested in validating the functionality of the CCP model in the training of guidance professionals, identifying the most significant qualitative elements that they perceive. A qualitative design is selected into a Delphi study, through the application of an interview protocol with open questions of a narrative nature. The data is analyzed by traditional procedures of qualitative content analysis, with the support of the NVivo computer software in its version 12. The findings found reveal that the CCP model allows the development of career management skills in the process of configuration of professional projects, especially regarding exploratory skills on self-knowledge, decision-making and career project. The functionality of the model is concluded, highlighting its possibilities of self-application through mixed virtual systems with professional accompaniment and resource support. Likewise, it is concluded that the qualitative-narrative methodology allows to obtain meanings and understanding about the scope of the model in the initial and continuous training of guidance professionals.

Resumen: La enfermedad conocida como mancha de asfalto (Phyllachora maydis) afecta al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays). Esta enfermedad causa lesiones en las hojas que al progresar pueden ocasionar la muerte de la planta. Existen diferentes métodos para evaluar el progreso de una enfermedad en las plantas. Generalmente, se utilizan escalas de evaluación visual; sin embargo, su uso es bastante subjetivo. El procesamiento de imágenes ha sido utilizado como una alternativa para la evaluación de enfermedades. Este método evita sesgos y errores durante las evaluaciones. El objetivo de este ensayo fue utilizar el aplicativo telefónico Leaf Doctor como una alternativa a la evaluación de la enfermedad producida por P. maydis. Para el experimento se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar. Se sembraron tres variedades de maíz y se evaluó el nivel de tolerancia a la mancha de asfalto al ser tratadas con diferentes dosis de silicio. Las diferentes dosis de silicio no reducen la enfermedad, sin embargo, fue posible determinar aumento de la producción de maíz en dosis de silicio de 252 kg ha-1. Los resultados indican que el programa puede considerarse como una alternativa eficiente para evaluar la mancha de asfalto debido a la alta correlación con la escala de evaluación visual (R2: 0.77-0.94). La variedad más resistente a la enfermedad fue INIAP-551.

Summary: The disease known as tar spot (Phyllachora maydis) affects corn (Zea mays). It causes lesions on the leaves that, when progressing, can cause the death of the plant. There are different methods to assess the progress of a disease in plants. Visual assessment scales are generally used; however, their use is quite subjective. Image processing has been used in recent times as an alternative for the evaluation of plant diseases. This alternative avoids bias and error during evaluations. The objective of this experiment was to use the Leaf Doctor cell phone application as an alternative to the evaluation of the disease caused by P. maydis. For the experiment, a completely randomized block design was used. Three varieties of corn were planted and the level of tolerance to tar spot was evaluated when treated with different doses of silicon. The most resistant variety to the disease was INIAP-551. The different doses of silicon do not reduce the disease; however, it was possible to determine an increase in the production of corn in doses of silicon of 252 kg ha-1. The results indicate that the program can be considered as an efficient alternative to evaluate the development of the disease known as tar spot due to the high correlation with the visual assessment scale (R2: 0.77-0.94).